Understanding Noun Cases in Hindi
In Hindi, nouns change their form based on how they are used in a sentence. This change is known as 'noun cases' or 'vibhakti'. Just like in English, where we say 'I' or 'me' depending on the sentence, Hindi has different forms too.
Important Points
- Nominative Case (कर्ता कारक): This is when the noun is the subject of the sentence.
- Accusative Case (कर्म कारक): This is when the noun is the object of the sentence.
- Instrumental Case (करण कारक): This shows the means or instrument by which the action is performed.
- Dative Case (संप्रदान कारक): This is when the noun is the indirect object or the receiver of something.
- Ablative Case (अपादान कारक): This shows the point of departure or origin.
- Genitive Case (संबंध कारक): This shows possession or relationship.
- Locative Case (अधिकरण कारक): This indicates the location or the place where the action occurs.
Examples
- राम खेलता है। (Nominative Case)
- सीता ने सेब खाया। (Accusative Case)
- वह कलम से लिखता है। (Instrumental Case)
Each noun case has its own special ending or marker, which helps us understand its role in the sentence. Let's look at each one more closely.
Nominative Case (कर्ता कारक)
This is used when the noun is doing the action. For example, 'Ram plays' means Ram is the one doing the playing.
Examples
- राम खेलता है।
- सीता गाना गाती है।
- बच्चे पार्क में हैं।
Accusative Case (कर्म कारक)
This case is used for the noun that receives the action. For example, in 'Sita ate the apple', 'apple' is what was eaten.
Examples
- राम ने किताब पढ़ी।
- सीता ने सेब खाया।
- बच्चों ने खिलौना तोड़ा।
Instrumental Case (करण कारक)
This case shows how or with what the action is done. For example, 'He writes with a pen' uses 'pen' as the instrument.
Examples
- वह कलम से लिखता है।
- राम गाड़ी से आया।
- सीता हाथ से खाना खाती है।