Introduction to Latvian Noun Declensions
In the Latvian language, nouns change their form depending on their role in the sentence. This is called declension. Latvian nouns are divided into six declensions, each with its own set of rules.
Important Points
- First Declension: Masculine nouns ending in -s or -š
- Second Declension: Feminine nouns ending in -a
- Third Declension: Feminine nouns ending in -e
- Fourth Declension: Masculine nouns ending in -us
- Fifth Declension: Feminine nouns ending in -s
- Sixth Declension: Masculine nouns ending in -is or -ī
Latvian nouns change their endings based on the case they are in. There are seven cases: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, locative, and vocative. Each case has a specific function in the sentence.
Important Points
- Nominative: Used for the subject of the sentence.
- Genitive: Shows possession.
- Dative: Indicates the indirect object.
- Accusative: Used for the direct object.
- Instrumental: Shows the means by which an action is performed.
- Locative: Indicates location.
- Vocative: Used for direct address.
Examples
- Nominative: zēns (boy)
- Genitive: zēna (of the boy)
- Dative: zēnam (to the boy)
Second Declension Example
Examples
- Nominative: māja (house)
- Genitive: mājas (of the house)
- Dative: mājai (to the house)
Understanding declensions helps you know who is doing what in a sentence. It makes your Latvian sound natural and clear.
Tips for Learning Declensions
Important Points
- Start with one declension at a time.
- Use flashcards to memorize endings.
- Practice with simple sentences.
- Listen to native speakers.