Understanding Latviešu Second Conjugation Verbs
In the Latvian language, verbs are words that describe actions, like 'run' or 'jump'. The Second Conjugation is one of the ways verbs can change their form. This helps us know who is doing the action and when it is happening.
Important Points
- Second Conjugation verbs usually end in '-ēt' in their basic form.
- These verbs change their endings based on who is doing the action.
- The endings also change based on whether the action is happening now, in the past, or in the future.
When we talk about something happening right now, we use the present tense. For Second Conjugation verbs, we change the end of the verb to match the person doing the action.
Important Points
- I (es) - Add '-u' to the verb root.
- You (tu) - Add '-i' to the verb root.
- He/She (viņš/viņa) - Add '-ē' to the verb root.
- We (mēs) - Add '-am' to the verb root.
- You all (jūs) - Add '-at' to the verb root.
- They (viņi/viņas) - Add '-ē' to the verb root.
Examples
- Es lasu grāmatu.
- Tu lasi avīzi.
- Viņš lasa vēstuli.
When we talk about something that already happened, we use the past tense. The endings change again to show who did the action.
Important Points
- I (es) - Add '-ēju' to the verb root.
- You (tu) - Add '-ēji' to the verb root.
- He/She (viņš/viņa) - Add '-ēja' to the verb root.
- We (mēs) - Add '-ējām' to the verb root.
- You all (jūs) - Add '-ējāt' to the verb root.
- They (viņi/viņas) - Add '-ēja' to the verb root.
Examples
- Es lasīju grāmatu.
- Tu lasīji avīzi.
- Viņš lasīja vēstuli.
When we talk about something that will happen, we use the future tense. Again, the endings change to show who will do the action.
Important Points
- I (es) - Add '-ēšu' to the verb root.
- You (tu) - Add '-ēsi' to the verb root.
- He/She (viņš/viņa) - Add '-ēs' to the verb root.
- We (mēs) - Add '-ēsim' to the verb root.
- You all (jūs) - Add '-ēsiet' to the verb root.
- They (viņi/viņas) - Add '-ēs' to the verb root.
Examples
- Es lasīšu grāmatu.
- Tu lasīsi avīzi.
- Viņš lasīs vēstuli.