Understanding Lietuvių Participles
In Lithuanian, participles are special forms of verbs that describe actions in a way that can be used like adjectives. They help us tell more about a noun, often indicating time or condition. Let's explore how they work!
Important Points
- Present Active Participle
- Past Active Participle
- Future Active Participle
- Present Passive Participle
- Past Passive Participle
- Future Passive Participle
Participles in Lithuanian can show us when something happens. They can tell us if an action is happening now, happened before, or will happen later. They also show if the action is done by someone or to someone.
Present Active Participle
This participle describes an action that is happening right now. It's like saying the 'running' boy, where 'running' is the action happening at this moment.
Examples
- Skaitantis berniukas - The reading boy
- Šokanti mergaitė - The dancing girl
- Žaidžiantis šuo - The playing dog
This participle is used for actions that happened in the past. It's like saying the 'eaten' cake, where 'eaten' is something that happened before now.
Examples
- Perskaitęs berniukas - The boy who read
- Šokusi mergaitė - The girl who danced
- Žaidęs šuo - The dog that played
This participle talks about actions that will happen in the future. Like saying the 'to be eaten' cake, where 'to be eaten' is something that will happen later.
Examples
- Skaitysiantis berniukas - The boy who will read
- Šoksianti mergaitė - The girl who will dance
- Žaisiantis šuo - The dog that will play
Present Passive Participle
This participle is about actions being done to something right now. Like saying the 'being eaten' cake.
Examples
- Skaitoma knyga - The being read book
- Šokama daina - The being danced song
- Žaidžiamas žaidimas - The being played game
This participle describes actions that were done to something in the past. Like saying the 'eaten' cake.
Examples
- Perskaityta knyga - The read book
- Šokta daina - The danced song
- Žaistas žaidimas - The played game
Future Passive Participle
This participle tells us about actions that will be done to something in the future. Like saying the 'to be eaten' cake.
Examples
- Skaitytina knyga - The book to be read
- Šoktina daina - The song to be danced
- Žaistinas žaidimas - The game to be played