Understanding Perfective and Imperfective Aspects in Polish
In Polish, verbs can show us if an action is completed or if it is ongoing. This is what we call 'aspect.' There are two main types of aspect: perfective and imperfective.
The perfective aspect tells us that an action is finished or completed. When you use a perfective verb, you are saying that the action has a clear end.
Examples
- Zjadłem jabłko.
- Napisałem list.
- Ugotowałem obiad.
The imperfective aspect tells us that an action is ongoing, repeated, or habitual. It doesn't focus on whether the action is finished.
Examples
- Jem jabłko.
- Piszę list.
- Gotuję obiad.
Important Points
- Perfective verbs usually cannot be used in the present tense.
- Imperfective verbs can be used in the present, past, and future.
- Perfective verbs often have a different form or prefix.
Choosing the Right Aspect
When talking about an action, think about whether it's finished or still happening. If it's finished, use a perfective verb. If it's still happening or happens often, use an imperfective verb.