Understanding Polish Personal Pronouns
Personal pronouns are words we use to replace names when we talk about people. In Polish, just like in English, we have different pronouns for different people and situations.
Important Points
- I - Ja
- You - Ty (singular) / Wy (plural)
- He - On
- She - Ona
- It - Ono
- We - My
- They - Oni (for males or mixed) / One (for females)
In Polish, the form of the pronoun can change depending on how we use it in a sentence. This is called 'case'. The main cases are nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, and instrumental.
Cases of Polish Personal Pronouns
Important Points
- Nominative: Used when the pronoun is the subject of the sentence.
- Accusative: Used when the pronoun is the direct object.
- Genitive: Used to show possession or when the pronoun is the object of some prepositions.
- Dative: Used when the pronoun is the indirect object.
- Instrumental: Used to show 'with' or 'by' in some contexts.
Examples of Polish Personal Pronouns in Different Cases
Examples
- Ja lubię ciastka. (I like cookies.)
- Ona widzi mnie. (She sees me.)
- To jest książka mojego brata. (This is my brother's book.)
Let's look at some examples to understand how these pronouns change. In the nominative case, we use pronouns like 'ja' for 'I'. In the accusative case, 'ja' changes to 'mnie' for 'me'.
Examples
- Ja idę do szkoły. (I am going to school.)
- Mama woła mnie. (Mom is calling me.)