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Understanding Russian Adjective Short Forms
In Russian, adjectives can have long and short forms. The short form of an adjective is used to describe a temporary state or condition of a noun, often similar to using 'is' or 'are' in English.
Important Points
Short forms are mostly used with the verb 'to be', which is often omitted in present tense.
They agree in gender and number with the noun they describe.
Short form adjectives usually come after the noun.
Not all adjectives have short forms.
Formation of Short Form Adjectives
To form the short form of an adjective, you usually remove the adjective's ending and add a new ending based on gender and number.
Important Points
Masculine: Remove the ending and add -ый, -ий, or -ой.
Feminine: Remove the ending and add -а.
Neuter: Remove the ending and add -о.
Plural: Remove the ending and add -ы or -и.
Examples
Кот белый. (The cat is white.)
Книга интересна. (The book is interesting.)
Окно открыто. (The window is open.)
When to Use Short Form Adjectives
Use short form adjectives when you want to emphasize a temporary state or quality of something. It is common in spoken Russian and can often be found in literature and poetry.
Examples
Собака весела. (The dog is happy.)
Дом пуст. (The house is empty.)
Река глубока. (The river is deep.)
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