Understanding Ukrainian Participles
In Ukrainian, participles are special forms of verbs that are used to describe actions like verbs but also have characteristics of adjectives. This means they can describe nouns and give more information about them.
Important Points
- Present Active Participle
- Past Active Participle
- Present Passive Participle
- Past Passive Participle
Let's explore what each type of participle means and how they are used.
Present Active Participle
This participle describes an action that is happening right now. It is formed from the present tense of verbs.
Examples
- Читаючий хлопчик (The boy reading)
- Граюча дівчинка (The girl playing)
This participle describes an action that happened in the past. It is formed from the past tense of verbs.
Examples
- Читавший хлопчик (The boy who read)
- Гравша дівчинка (The girl who played)
Present Passive Participle
This participle is used to describe a noun that is receiving an action right now.
Examples
- Читаний текст (The text being read)
- Будований будинок (The house being built)
This participle describes a noun that received an action in the past.
Examples
- Прочитаний текст (The text that was read)
- Збудований будинок (The house that was built)
Using Participles in Sentences
Participles can be used in sentences to add more detail about a noun, just like adjectives. They help us know more about what the noun is doing or what has been done to it.
Examples
- Співаючий птах сидить на дереві. (The singing bird is sitting on the tree.)
- Я бачу збудований міст. (I see the built bridge.)